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Growth Hormone Deficiency in Children: Causes and Symptoms

08/25/2025 | mochadesigns |

What Is Growth Hormone Deficiency?

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition where a child’s body doesn’t make enough growth hormone. This hormone, made by the pituitary gland in the brain, plays an important role in building strong bones, muscles, and tissues. When levels are too low, children may not grow as quickly or as tall as expected for their age.

Causes of Growth Hormone Deficiency

Present at Birth (Congenital Causes)

Some children are born with differences in their genes that affect how the pituitary gland develops or works.

  • Certain genetic conditions, like Turner syndrome, Noonan syndrome, or Prader-Willi syndrome, can be linked to GHD.
  • Sometimes, the pituitary gland doesn’t form normally before birth, which can also lead to this condition.

Develop Later (Acquired Causes)

Growth hormone deficiency can also appear later in childhood due to:

  • Head injuries or brain tumors that affect the pituitary gland.
  • Surgeries near the brain that interfere with hormone production.
  • Radiation therapy for brain cancer or other health issues.
  • In some cases, doctors can’t find a clear reason, which is called idiopathic growth hormone deficiency.

Signs and Symptom

The most common sign of GHD is slower growth.  Most children grow about 2–2.5 inches each year after age two, kids with GHD usually grow much less. Other signs may include:

  • Being noticeably shorter than peers.
  • A rounder, younger-looking face and more body fat around the waist.
  • Delayed tooth growth or delayed puberty.
  • In babies, low blood sugar or, in boys, a smaller penis size.

Even though growth is affected, children with this condition usually have normal intelligence.

Living With Growth Hormone Deficiency

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can be treated. With the right care, most children can reach a height close to their natural potential. Treatment also helps support strong bones, healthy metabolism and overall well-being.

At MetroMed, we take a family-centered approach to hormone health. Our team combines advanced care with personalized treatment plans, so every child gets the support they need to grow and thrive, both physically and emotionally.